OpenJDK: The Best Choice for Java Development on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Introduction

If you are a Java developer or a user of Java applications, you probably know that you need a Java Development Kit (JDK) to compile, run, and debug your code. A JDK consists of a Java Runtime Environment (JRE), which contains the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and the core libraries, and a set of development tools, such as a compiler, a debugger, a documentation generator, and more.

But which JDK should you use? There are many implementations of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) specification, which defines the features and functionality of the Java language and platform. One of them is OpenJDK, a free and open source implementation that is also the official reference implementation since Java SE 7.

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In this article, you will learn more about what OpenJDK is, what are its benefits and differences compared to Oracle JDK, the commercial product from Oracle, and how to download and install it on your operating system. You will also find some common issues and solutions for OpenJDK users.

What is OpenJDK?

OpenJDK stands for Open Java Development Kit. It is a project that was started in 2006 by Sun Microsystems, the original creator of Java, to release the source code of the JDK under an open source license. The project is now sponsored by Oracle Corporation, which acquired Sun in 2010, and supported by other companies and organizations, such as IBM, Red Hat, Apple, SAP, Microsoft, Amazon, and others.

OpenJDK aims to provide an open and inclusive way to define the future of the Java platform. It follows a collaborative development model where anyone can contribute code, bug fixes, tests, documentation, or ideas. It also hosts several sub-projects that focus on specific aspects or features of Java SE, such as HotSpot (the JVM), Graal (the compiler), Nashorn (the JavaScript engine), JShell (the interactive shell), or JMC (the monitoring console).

OpenJDK is compatible with the Java SE specification and passes the Java Technology Certification Kit (TCK), which is a suite of tests that verifies the compliance of an implementation with the standard. It also provides regular updates and security patches for its supported versions.

Benefits of using OpenJDK

There are several reasons why you might want to choose OpenJDK over other JDKs. Some of them are:

Open source innovation: By using OpenJDK, you can benefit from the collective efforts and expertise of a large and diverse community of developers who work together to improve the quality and performance of the Java platform. You can also participate in the development process by contributing your own code or feedback.

Cost savings: Unlike Oracle JDK, which requires a commercial license for production use since Java SE 11, OpenJDK is completely free to use for any purpose. You don't have to pay any fees or royalties to Oracle or any other vendor for using OpenJDK.

Multiplatform support: OpenJDK is available for various operating systems, such as Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris, and others. You can also find different distributions of OpenJDK that are tailored for specific platforms or needs, such as AdoptOpenJDK, Amazon Corretto, Azul Zulu, Red Hat OpenJDK, or Oracle OpenJDK.

Long-term support: OpenJDK provides long-term support (LTS) versions that receive security and stability updates for several years. The current LTS version is Java SE 11, which will be supported until 2026. The next LTS version will be Java SE 17, which will be released in September 2021 and supported until 2029.

Differences between OpenJDK and Oracle JDK

Although OpenJDK and Oracle JDK are both based on the same source code and comply with the Java SE specification, there are some differences between them that you should be aware of. Some of them are:

Licensing: OpenJDK is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 with the Classpath Exception (GPLv2+CE), which allows you to use, modify, and distribute the software without any restrictions. Oracle JDK is licensed under the Oracle Technology Network License Agreement for Oracle Java SE, which requires a commercial license for production use since Java SE 11. You can still use Oracle JDK for free for development, testing, prototyping, or personal use.

Features: OpenJDK and Oracle JDK have mostly the same features, except for some minor differences. For example, Oracle JDK includes some additional tools and utilities, such as Java Flight Recorder (JFR), Java Mission Control (JMC), or jpackage. However, some of these tools are also available as separate downloads or as part of OpenJDK sub-projects. On the other hand, OpenJDK includes some experimental features that are not available in Oracle JDK, such as Project Loom (concurrency), Project Panama (native integration), or Project Valhalla (value types).

Performance: OpenJDK and Oracle JDK have similar performance characteristics, as they share the same core components and optimizations. However, there may be some variations depending on the platform, the workload, the configuration, and the distribution of OpenJDK that you use. You can run your own benchmarks to compare the performance of different JDKs for your specific use case.

Support: OpenJDK is supported by a community of developers and users who provide bug reports, patches, documentation, and help through mailing lists, forums, wikis, and other channels. You can also get professional support from third-party vendors who offer commercial services and products based on OpenJDK. Oracle JDK is supported by Oracle Corporation, which provides technical support, updates, and security patches for its customers who have a valid license agreement.

How to download and install OpenJDK

The process of downloading and installing OpenJDK may vary depending on your operating system and the distribution of OpenJDK that you choose. Here are some general steps that you can follow for the most common scenarios:

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If you want to download and install OpenJDK on Windows, you have several options:

Download a binary from an official or trusted source: You can download a pre-built binary of OpenJDK from various sources, such as . You can choose the version and the variant of OpenJDK that suits your needs. After downloading the binary file (.zip or .msi), you can extract it to a folder of your choice or run the installer to complete the installation.

Use a package manager: You can use a package manager tool, such as , to install OpenJDK on Windows. A package manager simplifies the installation and update process by automating the download and configuration steps. For example, you can use Chocolatey to install AdoptOpenJDK by running this command in a PowerShell terminal: choco install adoptopenjdk --version 11.0.11+9

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